Journal
BIOMETALS
Volume 24, Issue 4, Pages 663-677Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9419-4
Keywords
Gadolinium chloride; Hela cells; Metabolomic profiling; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Cell growth
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [20637010]
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Lanthanides (Lns) compounds have been reported to possess contrary effects on cell activity, i.e., promoting cell cycle progression and cell growth by lower concentration treatment, but suppressing cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis at higher dosing. However, the cellular processes during the intervention and the possible underlying mechanisms are still not well clarified. Using a combination of high-throughput liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (MS), we have investigated the metabolomic profiles of Hela cells following gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) treatment in time- and concentration- dependent manners. A total of 48 metabolites released by Hela cells are identified to be differentially expressed (P < 0.05) in different states. Metabolic pathways analyses reveal that the differential metabolites are mainly characterized by increased lipid and amino acid metabolisms and by decreased lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolisms for cells treated with GdCl3 at lower and higher concentrations, respectively. Notably, in the higher level GdCl3 case, the down-expressions of metabolites are predominantly in the glycolytic and the redox pathways. The above results, obtained by using a metabolomic strategy for the first time, disclose that different cell signaling pathways are activated by GdCl3 treatment with different concentrations, leading to inhibitory or promotional effect on Hela cells.
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