The prognosis of patients with dissociated virological and immunological responses to HAART

Background. - While HAART allows for the reconstitution of immune functions in most treated HIV patients, failure to achieve a significant increase in circulating CD4+ T cells despite undetectable viremia occurs. Methods. - A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the treatment outcome in a subgroup of 232 patients who after 3.1 years of treatment had not achieved desirable immune reconstitution despite a good virological response to HAART. Results. - After a further 3.6 +/- 2.4 years of HAART, 82 (35.3%) patients achieved immune reconstitution (565.2 +/- 174.6 CD4 cells/mu l), while 149(64.2%) patients did not (268.8 +/- 91.1 cells/mu l); the difference in the achieved CD4 counts between these subgroups was significant (P < 0.01). One patient experienced treatment failure. Eleven patients died to the end of follow-up, of which 10 with a continuously dissociated response. Factors associated with immune recovery included clinical AIDS at HAART initiation (OR: 0.4,95% Cl: 0.24-0.81, P < 0.01), usage of PIs and of drugs from all three classes (OR: 1.7,95% CI: 1.0-3.0, P = 0.046 and OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.15-18.19, P = 0.03, respectively), and a rise in CD4 count to over 200 cells/mu l after the first 3.1 years of treatment (OR: 5.3 95% CI: 2.6-11.0, P < 0.01). Achievement of a rise in CD4 count to over 200 cells/mu l after the first 3.1 years of treatment was an independent predictor of immune reconstitution in the following period. Conclusion. - If patients on HAART reach CD4 cell counts of above 200 cells/mu l in the first 3 years, immune recovery is possible after at least 6 years of treatment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.