α-glucosidase inhibitors from clove (Syzgium aromaticum)

The ellagitannins, casuarictin and eugeniin, were isolated as rat intestinal maltase inhibitors from Materials and Methods methanol extracts of clove (Syzgium aromaticum). Eugeniin showed inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 10(-3) m. A structure-activity relationship study among the isolates and their related compound, penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose, indicates that an increasing number of galloyl units in the molecule might lead to an increase in the inhibitory activity. Eugeniin also inhibited maltase activity toward the human intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2.