Aquaporin-4 is absent at the sarcolemma and at perivascular astrocyte endfeet in α1-syntrophin knockout mice

alpha 1-Syntrophin, a member of dystrophin-associated proteins, is expressed at the sar colemma and at perivascular astrocytes, and participates in protein-protein interactions through its PDZ domain. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel protein in the brain, and also expressed at the sarcolemma of fast-twitch muscle fibers. AQP4 is concentrated in orthogonal array particles (OAPs), and its expression has been reported to be decreased at the sarcolemma of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. We examined whether alpha 1-syntrophin targets AQP4 at the sarcolemma. Immunohistochemistry showed that AQP4 is absent at the sarcolemma in alpha 1-syntrophin knockout mice and that its expression is also lost from the perivascular astrocyte endfeet. On the other hand, expression of AQP4 is not decreased at the sarcolemma of the knockout mice in the neonatal stage. Moreover, AQP4 is expressed in lung, stomach, and kidney of wild-type and alpha 1-syntrophin null mice. Our results show that alpha 1-syntrophin is a key molecule to localize AQP4 to the sarcolemma of mature fast myofibers and astrocyte endfeet, but AQP4 is targeted to the plasma membrane by different molecules in lung, stomach, and kidney.