Phosphorylation of steroid receptor coactivator-1 - Identification of the phosphorylation sites and phosphorylation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway

Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) is a member of a coactivator family that enhance the activation of the steroid/nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-stimulated transcription factors. To study the regulation of SRC-1 by signaling pathways in the cell, the major phosphorylation sites of SRC-1 were identified in COS-1 cells using a combination of in vivo labeling with [P-32]H3PO4, modified manual Edman degradation, phosphoamino acid analysis, endoproteinase digestion, and mutagenesis of the SRC-1 phosphorylation sites. Seven phosphorylation sites were identified in SRC-1: serine 372, serine 395, serine 517, serine 569, serine 1033, threonine 1179, and serine 1185, All the sites contained consensus sequences for the serine/threonine-proline-directed family of protein kinases, and two sites (serine 395 and threonine 1179) contained a perfect consensus sequence for the mitogen-activated protein kinase family (Erk-1 and Erk-2), Furthermore, Erk-2 phosphorylated threonine 1179 and serine 1185 (and to a lesser extent, serine 395) in vitro, suggesting the importance of this pathway for SRC-1 regulation. Treatment of cells expressing SRC-1 with epidermal growth factor enhanced the ligand-dependent, progesterone receptor-mediated activation of a target reporter gene. These results identify phosphorylation as a regulatory modification of SRC-1 and provide a basis upon which to identify signaling pathways that regulate SRC-1 function and, consequently, modify steroid/nuclear receptor action.