Journal
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 21, Issue 3, Pages 223-232Publisher
WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
DOI: 10.4015/S1016237209001283
Keywords
Soft tissue artifact; Fluoroscopy; Skin marker; Motion analysis; Gait; Sit-to-stand
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Funding
- National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC-94-2213-E-002-112]
- Medical Imaging Department at China Medical University
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Skin marker-based stereophotogrammetry has been widely used in the in vivo, noninvasive measurement of three-dimensional (3D) joint kinematics in many clinical applications. However, the measured poses of body segments are subject to errors called soft tissue artifacts (STA). No study has reported the unrestricted STA of markers on the thigh and shank in normal subjects during functional activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the 3D movement of skin markers relative to the underlying bones in normal subjects during functional activities using a noninvasive method based on the integration of 3D fluoroscopy and stereophotogrammetry. Generally, thigh markers had greater STA than shank ones and the STA of the markers were in nonlinear relationships with knee flexion angles. The STA of a marker also appeared to vary among subjects and were affected by activities. This suggests that correction of STA in human motion analysis may have to consider the multijoint nature of functional activities such as using a global compensation approach with individual anthropometric data. The results of the current study may be helpful for establishing guidelines of marker location selection and for developing STA compensation methods in human motion analysis.
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