Journal
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Volume 6, Issue 3, Pages 336-347Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617700633088
Keywords
HIV/AIDS; apathy; irritability; neurocognitive; executive; dual-task; stroop
Categories
Funding
- NIMH NIH HHS [T32MH1953, 1RO3MH54465-01] Funding Source: Medline
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Prominent apathy and/or irritability are frequently observed among individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although these symptoms often occur as part of a mood disorder, compelling evidence suggests that they may occur independently of depression in neurologic disease/disorder. The current study examined the prevalence of both apathy and irritability among a sample of HIV-infected individuals and explored the degree to which these neuropsychiatric (NP) phenomena were associated with performance on neurocognitive measures thought to be sensitive to the potential CNS effects of HIV-1. Clinician-administered rating scales assessing apathy and irritability were administered to 65 MV-seropositive (HIV+) and 21 hIV-seronegative (HIV-) participants who also completed a dual-cask reaction time paradigm and the Stroop task. NP disturbance was significantly more prevalent among HIV+ participants compared with HIV- controls and was associated with specific neurocognitive deficits suggestive of executive dysfunction. Relative to both HIV- controls and to neuropsychiatrically intact HIV+ participants, those HIV+ individuals with evidence of prominent apathy and/or irritability showed deficits in dual-task, but not single-task, performance and on the interference condition of the Stroop. Unexpectedly NP disturbance did not show a robust relationship with HIV disease stage. These results suggest that the presence of prominent apathy and/or irritability among HIV+ individuals may signify greater HIV-associated CNS involvement. In HIV/AIDS, the disruption of frontal-subcortical circuits may be a common mechanism causing both executive dysfunction and NP disturbance.
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