Cloning and expression of the α9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit in cochlear hair cells of the chick

Hair cells of the Vertebrate inner ear an subject to efferent control by the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from brainstem neurons. While ACh ultimately causes the hair cen to hyperpolarize through the activation of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, the initial effect is to open a ligand-gated cation channel that briefly depolarizes the hair cell. The hair cell's ligand-gated cation channel has unusual pharmacology that is well matched to that of the nicotinic subunit alpha 9 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We used sequence-specific amplification to identify the ortholog of alpha 9 in the chick's cochlea (basilar papilla). Chick alpha 9 is 73% identical to rat alpha 9 at the amino acid level. A second transcript was identified that differed by the loss of 132 base pairs coding for 44 amino acids near the putative ligand-binding site. RT-PCR on whole cochlear ducts suggested that this short variant is less abundant than the full length alpha 9 mRNA. In situ hybridization revealed alpha 9 mRNA in sensory hair cells of the chick cochlea. The pattern of expression was consistent with the efferent innervation pattern. The alpha 9 label was strongest in shea (outer) hair cells on which large calyciform efferent endings an found. Tall (inner) hair cells receiving little or no efferent innervation had substantially less label. The cochlear ganglion neurons were not labeled, consistent with the absence of axo-dendritic efferent innervation in birds. These findings suggest that alpha 9 contributes to the ACh receptor of avian hair cells and supports the generality of this hypothesis among all vertebrates. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.