Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 275, Issue 11, Pages 7583-7590Publisher
AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.11.7583
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Funding
- NIA NIH HHS [AG06569] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [MH38752] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [NS10795] Funding Source: Medline
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The potential role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta in modulating apoptosis was examined in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Staurosporine treatment caused time- and concentration-dependent increases in the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 but not caspase-1, increased proteolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and induced morphological changes consistent with apoptosis. Overexpression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta to levels 3.5 times that in control cells did not alter basal indices of apoptosis but potentiated staurosporine-induced activation of caspase-3, caspase-9, proteolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and morphological changes indicative of apoptosis, Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta by lithium attenuated the enhanced staurosporine-induced activation of caspase-3 in cells overexpressing glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta. In cells subjected to heat shock, caspase-3 activity was more than three times greater in glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta-transfected than control cells, and this potentiated response was inhibited by lithium treatment. Thus, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta facilitated apoptosis induced by two experimental paradigms. These findings indicate that glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta may contribute to proapoptotic-signaling activity, that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta can contribute to anti-apoptotic-signaling mechanisms, and that the neuroprotective actions of lithium may be due in part to its inhibitory modulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta.
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