Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 35, Issue 22, Pages 5731-5740Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.003
Keywords
Carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone; Nanopores; Plasma immersion ion implantation; Osteogenic activity; Antibacterial activity
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB933600]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81271704, 31370962]
- Shanghai Science and Technology RD Fund [11JC1413700]
- Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) General Research Funds (RGC) [112212]
- City University of Hong Kong Applied Research Grants (ARG) [9667066, 9667069]
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As an implantable material, carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRPEEK) possesses an adjustable elastic modulus similar to that of cortical bone and is a prime candidate to replace metallic surgical implants. However, the bioinertness and poor osteogenic properties of CFRPEEK limit its clinical application as orthopedic implants. In this work, titanium ions are introduced energetically into CFRPEEK by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal the formation of nanopores with the side wall and bottom embedded with similar to 20 nm TiO2 nanoparticles on the CFRPEEK surface. Nanoindentation measurements confirm the stability and improved elastic resistance of the structured surfaces. In vitro cell adhesion, viability assay, and real-time PCR analyses disclose enhanced adhesion, proliferation, and osteo-differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs). The multilevel structures on CFRPEEK also exhibit partial antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Our results indicate that a surface with multifunctional biological properties can be produced by multilevel surface engineering and application of CFRPEEK to orthopedic and dental implants can be broadened and expedited based on this scheme. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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