Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 35, Issue 6, Pages 1845-1856Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.009
Keywords
Interpenetrating network (IPN); Extracellular matrix; Thiol-yne; Click chemistry; Gelatin; Poly(ethylene glycol)
Funding
- National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship
- Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)
- Office of Naval Research (ONR) [MA041-06-41-9899]
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The integration of biological extracellular matrix (ECM) components and synthetic materials is a promising pathway to fabricate the next generation of hydrogel-based tissue scaffolds that more accurately emulate the microscale heterogeneity of natural ECM. We report the development of a bio/synthetic interpenetrating network (BioSIN(x)), containing gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) polymerized within a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) framework to form a mechanically robust network capable of supporting both internal cell encapsulation and surface cell adherence. The covalently crosslinked PEG network was formed by thiol-yne coupling, while the bioactive GelMA was integrated using a concurrent thiol-ene coupling reaction. The physical properties (i.e. swelling, modulus) of BioSINx were compared to both PEG networks with physically-incorporated gelatin (BioSIN(p)) and homogenous hydrogels. BioSIN(x) displayed superior physical properties and significantly lower gelatin dissolution. These benefits led to enhanced cytocompatibility for both cell adhesion and encapsulation; furthermore, the increased physical strength provided for the generation of a micro-engineered tissue scaffold. Endothelial cells showed extensive cytoplasmic spreading and the formation of cellular adhesion sites when cultured onto BioSINx; moreover, both encapsulated and adherent cells showed sustained viability and proliferation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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