Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 31, Issue 7, Pages 1586-1595Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.014
Keywords
Tissue engineering; Porous scaffolds; Cell seeding; Mechanical properties; Magnetic tweezer; Iron oxide nanoparticles
Funding
- French national research agency
- ANR-PCV
- ANR TECSAN
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The in vitro generation of engineered tissue constructs involves the seeding of cells into porous scaffolds. Ongoing challenges are to design scaffolds to meet biochemical and mechanical requirements and to optimize cell seeding in the constructs. In this context, we have developed a simple method based on a magnetic tweezer set-up to manipulate, probe, and position magnetic objects inside a porous scaffold. The magnetic force acting on magnetic objects of various sizes serves as a control parameter to retrieve the local viscosity of the scaffolds internal channels as well as the stiffness of the scaffolds pores. Labeling of human stem cells with iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles makes it possible to perform the same type of measurement with cells as probes and evaluate their own microenvironment. For 18 mu m diameter magnetic beads or magnetically labeled stem cells of similar diameter, the viscosity was equivalently equal to 20 mPa s in average. This apparent viscosity was then found to increase with the magnetic probes sizes. The stiffness probed with 100 mu m magnetic beads was found in the 50 Pa range, and was lowered by a factor 5 when probed with cells aggregates. The magnetic forces were also successfully applied to the stem cells to enhance the cell seeding process and impose a well defined spatial organization into the scaffold. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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