Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 19-25Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.029
Keywords
Aqueous phase; Biocompatible materials; Cytotoxicity; Core-shell-shell quantum dots
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [10775168, 30425020, 20725516, 60537030]
- Shanghai Commission of Education [2004SG06]
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-06-0445]
- Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology [0652nm016, 0752nm021]
- Ministry of Science and Technology [2006CB933000, 2006CB705605, 2007AA06A406, 2007CB936000]
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In this report, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of a series of quantum dots (QDs) directly synthesized in aqueous phase, i.e., thiols-stabilized CdTe, CdTe/CdS core-shell structured and CdTe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell structured QDs, with a variety of cell lines including K562 and HEK293T. We have demonstrated that the CdTe QDs are highly toxic for cells due to the release of cadmium ions. Epitaxial growth of a CdS layer reduces the cytotoxicity of QDs to a small extent. However, the presence of a ZnS outlayer greatly improves the biocompatibility of QDs, with no observed cytotoxicity even at very high concentration and long-time exposure in cells. Our systematic investigation clearly shows that the cytotoxicity of QDs can be modulated through elaborate surface coatings and that the CdTe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell structured QDs directly synthesized in aqueous phase are highly promising biological fluorescent probes for cellular imaging. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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