Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 16, Pages 3002-3008Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.02.003
Keywords
Two-photon microscopy; Second harmonic generation; ZnO nanoparticles; Chemical enhancer; Transdermal
Funding
- National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan [NSC-96-3112-B-002-025, NSC-95-3112-B-002-019, NSC-94-3112-B-002015Y, NSC-96-2120-M003-001]
- National Taiwan University Hospital [975-842]
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The overlapping wavelength of photoluminescence (PL) of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and autofluorescence (AF) from the stratum corneum (SC) has for a long time held back researchers from investigating the chemically enhanced penetration pathways of ZnO NPs into the SC lipids. However, the non-linear polarization effect of second harmonic generation (SHG) may be used for ZnO NPs to be distinguished from the AF of the SC. This study combined the SHG of ZnO NPs and the AF of the SC to image the transdermal delivery of ZnO NPs under the chemical enhancer conditions of oleic acid (OA), ethanol (EtOH) and oleic acid-ethanol (OA-EtOH). In addition to qualitative imaging, the microtransport properties of ZnO NPs were quantified to give the enhancements of the vehicle-to-skin partition coefficient (K), the SHG intensity gradient (G) and the effective diffusion path length (L). The results showed that OA, EtOH and OA-EtOH were all capable of enhancing the transdermal delivery of ZnO NPs by increasing the intercellular lipid fluidity or extracting lipids from the SC. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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