Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 29, Issue 12, Pages 1958-1966Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.035
Keywords
nanoparticles; biofunctionalization; labeling; phagocytosis; macrophages
Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/B/01537] Funding Source: researchfish
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/B/01537] Funding Source: Medline
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We here present an evaluation of the carrier performance of nanoparticles that are biofunctional, i.e. derivatized to provide a controlled biological activity, and environmentally responsive, since they respond to the presence of oxidants. In particular, we focus on the possibilities (a) to make the nanoparticles detectable and (b) to control their uptake in phagocytic cells, which determines their lifetime in vivo. We first describe techniques for labeling selectively the nanoparticle surface or bulk with imaging moieties (fluorophores or gold). We then show how surface composition and size, which are both controlled through the use of PEG derivatives, influence uptake by macrophages in vitro and blood circulation in vivo: for example, in vitro uptake is negligible for small (40 nm) particles but not for larger (100 nm) ones and, correspondingly, in vivo blood circulation half-life time decreases from 6.0 to 2.9 h. However, upon decoration with RGD peptides also the small particles can be significantly internalized. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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