Journal
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
Volume 35, Issue 7, Pages 2526-2533Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.02.022
Keywords
Hydrothermal carbonization; Hydrothermolysis; Distiller's grains; Char formation; Thermal Hydrolysis
Funding
- BioTechnology Institute of the University of Minnesota
- Initiative for Renewable Energy and the Environment (IREE)
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Wet distiller's grains are intermediate byproducts of ethanol manufacture that have high moisture contents and require significant energy for drying and conversion into dry distiller's grains. Hydrothermal carbonization was investigated as a wet process to provide alternative products, and chars were obtained in moderate yield that possessed high heats of combustion. The mechanism of char formation was also investigated employing constituent materials representative of the chemical composition of distiller's grains. Char formation was discovered to chiefly involve carbohydrates (other than cellulose) and proteins. A surprising discovery was that triacylglycerides and fatty acids created under the reaction conditions did not contribute to char yield and were adsorbed onto the chars and could be easily extracted. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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