Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 288, Issue 5465, Pages 475-480Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5465.475
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Small changes in an external parameter can often lead to dramatic qualitative changes in the Lowest energy quantum mechanical ground state of a correlated electron system. In anisotropic crystals, such as the high-temperature superconductors where electron motion occurs primarily on a two-dimensional square Lattice, the quantum critical point between two such Lowest energy states has nontrivial emergent excitations that control the physics over a significant portion of the phase diagram. Nonzero temperature dynamic properties near quantum critical points are described, using simple theoretical models. Possible quantum phases and transitions in the two-dimensional electron gas on a square Lattice are discussed.
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