An FDTD algorithm with perfectly matched layers for general dispersive media

A three-dimensional (3-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm with perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition (ABC) is presented for general inhomogeneous, dispersive, conductive media. The modified time-domain Maxwell's equations for dispersive media are expressed in terms of coordinate-stretching variables. We extend the recursive convolution (RC) and piecewise linear recursive convolution (PLRC) approaches to arbitrary dispersive media in a more general form. The algorithm is tested for homogeneous and inhomogeneous media with three typical kinds of dispersive media, i.e., Lorentz medium, unmagnetized plasma, and Debye medium. Excellent agreement between the FDTD results and analytical solutions is obtained for all testing cases with both RC and PLRC approaches. We demonstrate the applications of the algorithm with several examples in subsurface radar detection of mine-like objects, cylinders, and spheres buried in a dispersive half-space and the mapping of a curved interface. Because of their generality, the algorithm and computer program can be used to model biological materials, artificial dielectrics, optical materials, and other dispersive media.