Conjugated linoleic acids exhibit a strong fat-to-lean partitioning effect, reduce serum VLDL lipids and redistribute tissue lipids in food-restricted rats

Effects of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on a series of metabolic events are expected to depend on the feeding regimen and levels of energy ingested. This study was the first examining the mode of action of CLA on body composition, tissue lipids, lipoproteins and hepatic enzymes in situations of enhanced fat store mobilization. Two groups of male growing Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 3 wk a diet containing 0 (control group) or 3 g/100 g of a CLA mixture at the expense of sunflower oil, and were then subjected to a weight-loss feeding regimen for another 18 d. Rats fed the CLA-fortified diet gained 11% less weight than the control rats (P < 0.05). Rats fed the high CLA diet had less body fat (1.47 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.07 +/- 0.09 g/100g, P < 0.05) and a higher lean deposition (25.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 28.4 +/- 0.3 g/100 g, P < 0.05) than control rats. CLA-fed rats had a 41% lower cholesterol concentration in liver than the control rats (P < 0.05). Some differences in glycerophospholipid subclass profile of liver and erythrocyte membrane were observed; the hepatic concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine (4.76 +/- 0.46 vs. 6.86 +/- 0.99 mu mol/g, P = 0.07) and phosphatidylcholine (12.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 15.3 +/- 1.2 mu mol/g, P = 0.09) tended to be greater and the level of phosphatidylcholine in erythrocyte membranes was significantly greater (1.40 +/- 0.12 vs. 1.83 +/- 0.16 mu mol/g, P < 0.05) in the CLA-treated group than in the control group. The activities of catalase and ornithine decarboxylase in liver did not differ between the groups. Further, CLA-treated rats had significantly lower serum concentrations of VLDL lipids than control rats, whereas concentrations of LDL and HDL lipids were unaffected. The results indicate that a high dose of a CLA mixture is a strong repartitioning agent and a modulator of lipid metabolism under conditions of enhanced fat store mobilization in rats.