Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 34, Issue 7, Pages 2151-2159Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00382-6
Keywords
activated sludge; bacteriophage; membrane bioreactor; microfiltration; bacteria; virus
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Indigenous bacteriophage was isolated from a conventional sewage treatment plant treating a largely domestic wastewater. The isolated phage was T-even-like with a mean size of 200 nm and was used to indicate the viral removal efficiency achieved in a bench-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). The MBR incorporated three Bat microfiltration membrane modules which were polyethylene with a pore size of 0.4 mu m. When treating settled domestic sewage, the MBR achieved an overall removal rate of phage of 2.3-5.9 log across the treatment process. The membrane alone demonstrated a poor phage removal efficiency, but removal efficiency increased as the filtration resistance was increased. It was proposed therefore, that the biofilm accumulating on the surface of the membrane made a major contribution to phage removal. The MBR demonstrated an almost complete removal of faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci (up to 7 log). By comparison a full-scale treatment plant treating the same settled sewage and incorporating tertiary treatment, achieved only up to 2 log removal of the same excreted phage and bacteria. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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