Journal
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 75-99Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1023/A:1009096603879
Keywords
executive function; frontal lobes; neuropsychology; Alzheimer's disease; frontal lobe dementia; subcortical dementia
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This paper reviews the Literature concerning executive control impairments in degenerative dementias. The construct of executive control functioning is examined, as is the neuroanatomy of frontal-subcortical networks, believed to underlie executive function (EF) impairments. The pattern of EF impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD) which affects temporal and parietal brain regions most severely is contrasted with observed executive dysfunctions in patients with dementias involving degeneration of primarily frontal and frontal-subcortical brain areas. EF impairments are present in each of these types of dementing illnesses. Although EF impairments are present in AD, they are less prominent than the memory disorder in the neuropsychological profile of the disease and tend to become more pronounced later in the course of the illness. In contrast, patients with frontal or frontal-subcortical dementia may demonstrate executive dysfunction, which occurs earlier in the disease progression and may be initially more severe.
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