Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 174-179Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/86.847808
Keywords
ALS; brain-computer interface (BCI); locked-in syndrome
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Funding
- NIMH NIH HHS [1 R41 MH56319-01] Funding Source: Medline
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We describe a study designed to assess a brain-computer interface (BCI), originally described by Farwell and Donchin [9] in 1988. The system utilizes the fact that the rare events in the oddball paradigm elicit the P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP). The BCI presents the user with a matrix of 6 by 6 cells, each containing one letter of the alphabet. The user focuses attention on the cell containing the letter to be communicated while the rows and the columns of the matrix are intensified. Each intensification is an event in the oddball sequence, the row and the column containing the attended cell are rare items and, therefore, only these events elicit a P300. The computer thus detects the transmitted character by determining which row and which column elicited the P300. We report an assessment, using a bootstrapping approach, which indicates that an off line version of the system can communicate at the rate of 7.8 characters a minute and achieve 80% accuracy. The system's performance in real time was also assessed. Our data indicate that a P300-based BCI is feasible and practical. However, these conclusions are based on tests using healthy individuals.
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