Leukotriene receptor antagonists and synthesis inhibitors reverse survival in eosinophils of asthmatic individuals

Eosinophilia is a feature of airway inflammation associated with asthma. Leukotriene antagonists provide therapeutic benefit in asthma, but their potential antiinflammatory actions have not been fully explored. We have examined the role of eosinophil-derived cysteinyl leukotrienes in the maintenance of eosinophil survival, and the involvement of leukotrienes in the paracrine stimulation of eosinophil survival by mast cells and lymphocytes. We obtained eosinophils and autologous lymphocytes from peripheral blood of asthmatic subjects. Leukotriene (LT)-B-4, LTC4 and LTD4, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CM-CSF), and fibronectin promoted eosinophil survival. LTD4 (10(-6) M) was as effective as GM-CSF (5 ng/ml) and fibronectin (400 ng/ml) in promoting survival. Lymphocytes and conditioned medium from a human mast cell line (HMC-1) induced eosinophil survival. Blockade of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors with SKF 104353 (pobi-lukast, 3 nM), and inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) with BW A4C (1 mu M) and of 5-LO activating protein with MK 886 (1 mu M), all increased basal rates of eosinophil apoptosis and reversed GM-CSF-induced eosinophil survival. Fifty percent reversal of GM-CSF-induced survival was achieved with SKF 104353 at 0.3 nM. The potency of SKF 104353 was two orders of magnitude greater than that of the LTB4 receptor antagonist SE 201146. Mast cell- and lymphocyte-induced eosinophil survival were completely reversed by SE 201146, SKF 104353, BW A4C, and MK 886. These findings provide evidence for the involvement of an autocrine cysteinyl leukotriene pathway that supports eosinophil survival in response to a range of survival stimuli. They also suggest that LTB4 could act as a paracrine stimulus of eosinophil survival.