Sleep disturbance and nonmalignant chronic pain: A comprehensive review of the literature

Sleep disturbance is an important clinical complaint for individuals with nonmalignant pain conditions. This review is a broad introduction to the literature on sleep disturbance and chronic pain con ditions. The article critically reviews studies of sleep disturbance in musculoskeletal pain, arthritis, headache, and fibromyalgia. Current neurobiological hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of sleep disturbance and chronic pain, common comorbid disorders, and pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments for sleep disturbance are reviewed.