The use of diagnostic sleep nasendoscopy in the management of children with complex upper airway obstruction

In this paper we present a prospective study of the role of diagnostic sleep nasendoscopy in the investigation and treatment of 20 children referred to a tertiary children's hospital with obstructive awake apnoea or severe obstructive sleep apnoea (apnoea/hypopnoea index greater than 30/h). We describe the technique of diagnostic sleep nasendoscopy and provide a classification system for documenting the findings. We demonstrate sleep nasendoscopy is an invaluable tool in the management of children who continue to have upper airway obstruction despite previous adenotonsillectomy and in children with airway obstruction due to cerebral palsy, syndromes and craniofacial malformations. With the use of pre- and post-intervention sleep studies we have shown that sleep nasendoscopy is accurate in deciding the most appropriate mode of intervention in the individual child with obstructive breathing, from (continuous positive airway pressure) CPAP to site-specific surgery. We conclude that sleep nasendoscopy combined with rigid laryngo-bronchoscopy should be standard practice in the evaluation of children with complex upper airway obstruction.