Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 97, Issue 13, Pages 7090-7095Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.13.7090
Keywords
transcriptional pausing; NusA; NusG
Categories
Funding
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM038660, GM38660, R01 GM038660] Funding Source: Medline
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Transcript elongation by RNA polymerase is discontinuous and interrupted by pauses that play key regulatory roles. We show here that two different classes of pause signals punctuate elongation. Class I pauses, discovered in enteric bacteria, depend on interaction of a nascent RNA structure with RNA polymerase to displace the 3' OH away from the catalytic center. Class II pauses, which may predominate in eukaryotes, cause RNA polymerase to slide backwards along DNA and RNA and to occlude the active site with nascent RNA. These pauses differ in their responses to antisense oligonucleotides. pyrophosphate. GreA, and general elongation factors NusA and NusG. In contrast, substitutions in RNA polymerase that increase or decrease the rate of RNA synthesis affect both pause classes similarly. We propose that both pause classes, as well as arrest and termination, arise from a common intermediate that itself binds NTP substrate weakly.
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