Amines of the subantarctic crucifer Pringlea antiscorbutica are responsive to temperature conditions

Different polyamine and aromatic amine compositions and contents were observed in the leaves and the roots of plants from the subantarctic crucifer Pringlea antiscorbutica growing in the field and collected during the austral summer in Kerguelen and those grown under controlled conditions mimicking the thermoperiod and photoperiod conditions in summer in Kerguelen. In controlled conditions, the plants grew more slowly than in the field and did not flower. In roots, this was associated with an increase of agmatine (Agm), In contrast, acetylated putrescine (Put) disappeared while dopamine (Dop) and tryptamine (Try) were strongly reduced. In leaves, cultivation under controlled conditions led to an accumulation of Agm, acetylated Put, tyramine (Tyr) and Try. A complete depletion of acetylated spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) and a strong decrease of Dop occurred. Cultivation of plants at constant 25 degrees C was lethal after a few weeks. Before the external symptoms of heat challenge became acute, leaves and roots showed a different amine content and composition. In roots, and to a lesser extent in leaves, heat treatment was associated with an apparent impairment in the ability to accumulate Agm, acetylated Put and Try. Strong increases in Put, Spd and Tyr and accumulation of hydroxycinnamoyl amines as feruloylputrescine, feruloylspermidine and feruloyltyramine were observed in leaves. Aminoguanidine, a patent and specific inhibitor of diamine oxidase activities, caused phenotypic alterations and changes in amine composition and content in roots and leaves of Pringlea plants similar to those observed under the heat treatment. Our results highlight possible roles of amine catabolism, acetylated polyamines and hydroxycinnamoyl amines in plant responses to external conditions.