Journal
BIOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY
Volume 25, Issue 3, Pages 319-346Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10539-010-9196-4
Keywords
Climate change; Last glacial; Nomadic foragers; Political egalitarianism; Social organization
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This paper reviews and synthesizes emerging multi-disciplinary evidence toward understanding the development of social and political organization in the Last Glacial. Evidence for the prevalence and scope of political egalitarianism is reviewed and the biological, social, and environmental influences on this mode of human organization are further explored. Viewing social and political organization in the Last Glacial in a much wider, multi-disciplinary context provides the footing for coherent theory building and hypothesis testing by which to further explore human political systems. We aim to overcome the claim that our ancestors' form of social organization is untestable, as well as counter a degree of exaggeration regarding possibilities for sedentism, population densities, and hierarchical structures prior to the Holocene with crucial advances from disparate disciplines.
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