Simultaneous Determination of Chromium, Cadmium, and Lead and Evaluation of the Correlation between Chromium and Cotinine in Chinese Smokers

Heavy metals in tobacco caused wide public concern. To study the impact of heavy metals in smokers, 193 smokers and 58 nonsmokers were surveyed, and their urinary levels of chromium (UCr), lead (UPb), and cadmium (UCd) were assayed. In this study, UCr, UPb, and UCd in smokers (33.41 +/- 14.99, 3.21 +/- 1.34, 0.38 +/- 0.64 mu g/24 h, respectively) and nonsmokers (27.45 +/- 10.49, 3.02 +/- 0.88, 0.20 +/- 0.16 mu g/24 h, respectively) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the content of UCr, UPb, and UCd in smokers were higher than in nonsmokers. Further analyses of correlations between the levels of urinary chromium and cotinine revealed positive relationship (correlation coefficient r = 0.51).