Journal
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 157-166Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/brv.12104
Keywords
single-locus barcode; universal; plastid-sequencing; super-barcode; specific barcode
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Funding
- Research Fund of University of Macau [077/2011/A3, 074/2012/A3]
- Macao Science and Technology Development Fund [UL016/09Y4/CMS/WYT01/ICMS, MYRG208 (Y3-L4)-ICMS11-WYT]
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DNA barcoding is currently a widely used and effective tool that enables rapid and accurate identification of plant species; however, none of the available loci work across all species. Because single-locus DNA barcodes lack adequate variations in closely related taxa, recent barcoding studies have placed high emphasis on the use of whole-chloroplast genome sequences which are now more readily available as a consequence of improving sequencing technologies. While chloroplast genome sequencing can already deliver a reliable barcode for accurate plant identification it is not yet resource-effective and does not yet offer the speed of analysis provided by single-locus barcodes to unspecialized laboratory facilities. Here, we review the development of candidate barcodes and discuss the feasibility of using the chloroplast genome as a super-barcode. We advocate a new approach for DNA barcoding that, for selected groups of taxa, combines the best use of single-locus barcodes and super-barcodes for efficient plant identification. Specific barcodes might enhance our ability to distinguish closely related plants at the species and population levels.
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