Journal
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 87, Issue 1, Pages 95-110Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00186.x
Keywords
ADARs; RNA editing; microRNA; DSH; cancer; ischaemia; HIV-1; SLE; ALS; diabetes; Prader-Willi syndrome
Categories
Funding
- AIRC (Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro)
- AriSLA (Agenzia di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica)
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Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are enzymes that convert adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in nuclear-encoded RNAs and viral RNAs. The activity of ADARs has been demonstrated to be essential in mammals and serves to fine-tune different proteins and modulate many molecular pathways. Recent findings have shown that ADAR activity is altered in many pathological tissues. Moreover, it has been shown that modulation of RNA editing is important for cell proliferation and migration, and has a protective effect on ischaemic insults. This review summarises available recent knowledge on A-to-I RNA editing and ADAR enzymes, with particular attention given to the emerging role played by these enzymes in cancer, some infectious diseases and immune-mediated disorders.
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