Journal
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Volume 94, Issue 2, Pages 433-440Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.08.005
Keywords
Biomarker; Children; Heart rate variability; Questionnaire; Salivary cortisol; Stress
Funding
- European Community [016181]
- Ghent University (Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds)
- Research Foundation - Flanders
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Stress is a complex phenomenon coordinated by two main neural systems: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system with cortisol as classical stress biomarker and the autonomic nervous system with heart rate variability (HRV) as recently suggested stress marker. To test low HRV (5 minute measurements) as stress indicator in young children (5-10y), associations with self-reported chronic stress aspects (events, emotions and problems) (N=334) and salivary cortisol (N=293) were performed. Peer problems, anger, anxiety and sadness were associated with lower root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and high frequency power (i.e. lower parasympathetic activity). Anxiety and anger were also related to a higher low frequency to high frequency ratio. Using multilevel modelling, higher cortisol levels, a larger cortisol awakening response and steeper diurnal decline were also associated with these HRV patterns of lower parasympathetic activity. Conclusion: Low HRV (lower parasympathetic activity) might serve as stress indicator in children. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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