Evaluation of the applicability of HRT as a preservative of muscle strength in women

Objectives : To review the studies that have been undertaken on the effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT); especially oestrogen (+ progestin) regimens on the preservation of muscle strength. Current knowledge of the mechanisms and actions of steroid- and sex hormones on skeletal muscle tissue will be used in an attempt to clarify the mechanism of action of a possible effect. The objective is to arrive at an agreement on whether or not postmenopausal oestrogen administration has a positive influence on skeletal muscle tissue. Methods : Peer-reviewed publications were assessed. Results: An age-related decrement in muscle strength can be found in both men and women. However, in women, an extra decline can be observed around the time of menopause. A possible relationship between the additional diminution in muscle strength and altered hormone concentrations after the onset of menopause has been suggested. Since women nowadays spend one-third of their life postmenopausal, it is extremely important to keep the decline in muscle mass as small as possible. Besides the continuation of a physically active lifestyle, HRT was suggested to serve as a protective mechanism. Although, the usefulness of HRT as a preservative of muscle strength appeared controversial. Conclusions: Skeletal muscle strength is sensitive to training up to a high age, though continuation of physical activity does not appear to protect skeletal muscles completely from age-related decrements. Therefore, the development of another preventive method would be useful. Considering the present knowledge it has all the hallmarks that HRT can be a useful tool in the maintenance of muscle strength in postmenopausal women. None the less, further research is necessary to endorse this theory. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.