Journal
MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue 8, Pages 1125-1136Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1210/me.14.8.1125
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- NICHD NIH HHS [HD-07503] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-33976] Funding Source: Medline
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Although isoforms of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(CaMKII) have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression in cultured cells, this issue has yet to be addressed in vivo. We report that the overexpression of calmodulin in ventricular myocytes of transgenic mice results in an increase in the Ca2+/calmodulin-independent activity of endogenous CaMKII. The calmodulin transgene is regulated by a 500-bp fragment of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene promoter which, based on cell transfection studies, is itself known to be regulated by CaMKII. The increased autonomous activity of CaMKII maintains the activity of the transgene and establishes a positive feedforward loop, which also extends the temporal expression of the endogenous ANF promoter in ventricular myocytes. Both the increased activity of CaMKII and transcriptional activation of ANF are highly selective responses to the chronic overexpression of calmodulin. These results indicate that CaMKII can regulate gene expression in vivo and suggest that this enzyme may represent the Ca2+-dependent target responsible for reactivation of the ANF gene during ventricular hypertrophy.
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