Starch derivatives of high degree of functionalization.: 1.: Effective, homogeneous synthesis of p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl) starch with a new functionalization pattern

Pure p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl) starch with an insignificant formation of chlorodeoxy groups was prepared by reacting starch dissolved in the solvent system N,N-dimethyl acetamide in combination with LiCl. interestingly, the viscosity of the starch dissolved in the solvent system increases with the increasing amount of LiCl. The tosyl starch samples obtained were characterized by means of elemental analysis, FITR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The degree of substitution (DSTos) of the products can be controlled in range from 0.4 to 2.0 by adjusting the molar ratio of tosyl chloride per anhydroglucose unit up to 6.0 mol/mol. The tosyl starch samples are readily soluble in various organic solvents. As revealed by means of C-13 NMR analysis as well as by analysis of the corresponding 6-iodo-6-deoxy derivatives, a faster tosylation at position 2 than at positions 6 and 3 takes place. The thermal stability of tosyl starch increases with increasing DSTos and degradation starts at 166 degrees C for the sample of DSTos of 0.61. The remaining OH groups of tosyl starch are reactive and can be additionally modified by acetylation reactions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.