Attention and luminance detection: Effects of cues, masks, and pedestals

Three experiments investigated the effects of attention on the detection of luminance targets in a spatial-cuing paradigm. Gabor patch stimuli of 30, 60, or 90 ms duration, equated for detectability, were presented (a) against a uniform field with a checkerboard backward mask, (b) atop a 15% luminance pedestal with a backward mask, or (c) atop a luminance pedestal with no backward mask. Signal detection analysis showed that detection sensitivity was significantly enhanced at attended locations for all observers when backward masks were used, both when targets were presented against a uniform field and when a pedestal was used. However, when no masks were used there was no cuing advantage of any kind. The results show that the cuing effect in simple detection depends on the use of backward masks, a finding that resolves the inconsistencies previously associated with studies of this type.