Journal
BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 394, Issue 11, Pages 1399-1410Publisher
WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0181
Keywords
coiled-coil-containing protein kinase; drug target; RhoA; Rho-associated; Rho-kinase; ROCK
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Funding
- International NRW Research School BioStruct
- Ministry of Innovation, Science and Research of the State North Rhine-Westphalia
- Heinrich-Heine-University of Dusseldorf
- Entrepreneur Foundation at the Heinrich-Heine-University of Dusseldorf
- NGFNplus program of the German Ministry of Science and Education (BMBF) [01GS08100]
- USA National Institutes of Health [R01GM086457]
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In a variety of normal and pathological cell types, Rho-kinases I and II (ROCKI/II) play a pivotal role in the organization of the nonmuscle and smooth muscle cytoskeleton and adhesion plaques as well as in the regulation of transcription factors. Thus, ROCKI/II activity regulates cellular contraction, motility, morphology, polarity, cell division, and gene expression. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the Rho-ROCK pathways at different stages is linked to cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. This review focuses on the current status of understanding the multiple functions of Rho-ROCK signaling pathways and various modes of regulation of Rho-ROCK activity, thereby orchestrating a concerted functional response.
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