Journal
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Volume 31, Issue 4, Pages 335-345Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1006/pmed.2000.0715
Keywords
apolipoproteins; diet; epidemiology; exercise; hormones; lifestyle; lipids; lipoproteins; men; risk factors; smoking; women
Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL21906, HL54606-01A1, 5 T32 HL07034] Funding Source: Medline
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Background. The purpose of this study is to present population-based frequency distribution data for several lipoprotein-related variables and to examine their associations with gender, age, menopausal status, and sex hormone use. Methods. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), HDL2-C, HDL3-C, apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, and Apo B were measured in a population-based sample of 1,027 healthy adults from four California cities who participated in the 1989-1990 survey of the Stanford Five City Project. These data were examined cross-sectionally with sociodemographic and other related variables. Results. Relative to men, all of the HDL-related parameters-HDL-C, HDL2-C, HDL3-C, Apo A-I-were significantly higher and Apo B levels were significantly lower among women (P < 0.001). Menopausal status was not associated with HDL-related parameters, but Apo B levels were higher in post- versus premenopausal women (P < 0.001), Among women, HDL-C and Apo A-I levels were higher in oral contraceptive and estrogen replacement therapy users (P = 0.003). Most of the significant findings remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, energy expenditure, and alcohol intake. Conclusions. These population-based data indicate that gender, menopausal status, and the use of sex hormones among women are associated with differential levels of one or more of HDL-C, HDL2-C, HDL3-C, Apo A-I, and Apo B, independent of age and a broad set of lifestyle factors. (C) 2000 American Health Foundation and Academic Press.
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