Journal
BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN
Volume 36, Issue 6, Pages 892-899Publisher
PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00059
Keywords
liposome; small interfering RNA; tumor; multifunctional envelope-type nano device; drug delivery system
Categories
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Core Research for Educational Science and Technology (CREST) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan [2306]
- Special Education and Research Expenses of MEXT of Japan
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [24107502] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Gene and nucleic acid therapy is expected to play a major role in the next generation of agents for cancer treatment. We have recently developed a multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND) for use as a novel nonviral gene delivery system. The modification of polyethyleneglycol (PEG), i.e., PEGylation, is a useful method for achieving a longer circulation time for the delivery of MEND to a tumor via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, PEGylation strongly inhibits cellular uptake and endosomal escape, which results in significant loss of activity of the delivery system. For successful nucleic acid delivery for cancer treatment, the crucial problem associated with the use of PEG, i.e., the PEG dilemma must be resolved. In this review, we describe the development and applications of MEND and discuss various strategies for overcoming the PEG dilemma based on the manipulation of both pharmacokinetics and intracellular trafficking of cellular uptake and endosomal release. To increase cellular uptake, target ligands including proteins, peptides, antibodies and aptamers that recognize molecules specifically expressed on tumors are first introduced. Second, cleavable PEG systems are described. The cleavage of PEG from carriers was achieved in response to the intracellular environment as well as the tumor microenvironment, which improvs cellular uptake and endosomal escape. Then, endosomal fusogenic peptides are discussed. Finally, pH-sensitive liposomes using pH-sensitive lipids are described.
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