Journal
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages 482-490Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/S0955-2863(00)00104-2
Keywords
astaxanthin; stereoisomers; human; absorption; plasma; lipoproteins
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Appearance, pharmacokinetics, and distribution of astaxanthin E/Z and R/S isomers in plasma and lipoprotein fractions were studied in 3 middle-aged male volunteers (37-43 years) after ingestion of a single meal containing a 100 mg dose of astaxanthin. The astaxanthin source consisted of 74% all-Ei 9% 9Z-, 17% 13Z-astaxanthin (3R3'R-, 3S3'S; meso-, and 3S,3'S-astaranthin in a 1:2:1 ratio). The plasma astaxanthrin concentration-time curves were measured during 72 hr. Maximum levels of astaxanthin (1.3 +/- 0.1 mg/L) were reached 6.7 +/- 1.2 hr after administration, and the plasma astaxanthin elimination half-life was 21 +/- 11 hr. 13Z-Astaxanthin accumulated selectively, whereas the 3 and 3'R/S astaxanthin distribution was similar to that of the experimental meal. Astaxanthin was present mainly in very lo,v-density lipoproteins containing chylomicrons (VLDL/CM; 36-64% of total astaxanthin), whereas low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) contained 29% and 24% of total astaxanthin, respectively. The astaxanthin isomer distribution in plasma, VLDL/CM, LDL, and HDL was not affected by time. The results indicate that a selective process increases the relative proportion of astaxanthin Z-isomers compared to the all-E-astaxanthin during blood uptake and that astaxanthin E/Z isomers have similar pharmacokinetics. (J. Nutr. Biochem. 11:482-490, 2000) (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 2000. All rights reserved.
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