Urinary metabolites of gallic acid in rats and their radical-scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical

As a part of our studies on the metabolism of natural compounds, gallic acid was orally administered to rats. The urinary metabolites were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were determined to be pyrogallol (M1), pyrogallol-1-O-beta -D-glucuronide (M2), 4-O-methylgallic acid-3-O-sulfate (M3), 2-O-methylpyrogallol-1-O-beta -D-glucuronide (M4), 2-O-methylpyrogallol (M5), 4-O-methylgallic acid (M6), and unchanged gallic acid on the basis of chemical and spectral data. The radical scavenging effects of gallic acid and its urinary metabolites were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-apicrylhydrazyl radical.