Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 21, Issue 22, Pages 2315-2322Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00158-7
Keywords
chitosan; glycosaminoglycans; heparin; dextran sulfate; endothelial cells; smooth muscle; scaffold; tissue response
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Chitosan has shown promise as a structural material for a number of tissue engineering applications. Similarly the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and their analogs have been known to exert a variety of biological activities. In this study we evaluated the potential of CAG-chitosan and dextran sulfate (DS)-chitosan complex materials for controlling the proliferation of vascular endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle cells(SMC). GAG-chitosan complex membranes were generated in vitro and seeded with human ECs or SMCs for culture up to 9 d. In addition, porous chitosan and GAG-chitosan complex scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in rats to evaluate the in vivo response to these materials. The results indicated that while chitosan alone supported cell attachment and growth, GAG-chitosan materials inhibited spreading and proliferation of ECs and SMCs in vitro. In contrast, DS-chitosan surfaces supported proliferation of both cell types. In vivo, heparin-chitosan and DS-chitosan scaffolds stimulated cell proliferation and the formation of a thick layer of dense granulation tissue. In the case of heparin scaffolds the granulation layer was highly vascularized. These results indicate that the GAG-chitosan materials can be used to modulate the proliferation of vascular cells both in vitro and in vivo. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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