Four year prospective evaluation of nosocomial bacteremia: epidemiology, microbiology, and patient outcome

A prospective study of all patients with clinically significant nosocomial bacteremia at one institution from 1994 to 1997 was performed to: (1) describe the epidemiology and microbiology of nosocomial bacteremias; (2) determine the crude mortality associated with such infections; and (3) identify independent predictors of mortality. Four hundred four episodes of bacteremia occurred in 322 patients; the crude in-hospital mortality was 31%. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and enterococci were the leading pathogens, and intravascular catheters were the mast frequently identified source. The highest mortality occurred in patients with candidemia (67%). Independent predictors of mortality included evidence of shock at the time of infection, acquisition of bacteremia in an intensive care unit, a ''Do Not Attempt Resuscitation order, and the presence of certain comorbid conditions (e.g., malignancy, HIV infection). Because many of these infections may be preventable, education of health care providers and strict adherence to established infection control practices are critical. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.