Prediction of functional outcome and in-hospital mortality after admission with oral anticoagulant-related intracerebral hemorrhage

Background and Purpose-Early survival of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in general is known to be most strongly dependent on the Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission. The aim of this study was to examine the factors determining functional outcome and in-hospital mortality of patients admitted with an intracerebral hemorrhage related to oral anticoagulant (OAC) use. Methods-Correlation studies and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed on data from a retrospective series of 42 patients admitted with OAC-related intracerebral hemorrhages over a 6-year period to a tertiary care center in the north of Scotland. Results-The functional outcome after an OAC-related intracerebral hemorrhage was dependent on maximum diameter of hematoma on CT scan (R = -0.72, P < 0.001) and international normalized ratio (INR) (R = -0.35, P = 0.024). Hematoma diameter and INR were not themselves strongly correlated (R = 0.31, P = 0.099). In-hospital mortality can be predicted by the Glasgow Coma Scale score alone (R-2 = 0.36, overall predictive accuracy 68%) but more accurately by a logistic regression model including hematoma diameter and CT signs of cerebrovascular disease (R-2 = 0.70, predictive accuracy 83%). Conclusions-Neither functional outcome nor in-hospital mortality appears to be strongly dependent on INR measured on admission. CT scan, however, provides essential information and allows accurate predictions about the short-term outcome of OAC-related intracerebral hemorrhages.