Journal
BIOFOULING
Volume 29, Issue 7, Pages 817-827Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.807505
Keywords
biofilm; antimicrobial; fluorescence spectroscopy; confocal microscopy; liposome
Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [PBBSP2-133406]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies through its Strategic Cluster program (CSACS)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PBBSP2-133406] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a surfactant that binds strongly to bacteria and bacterial biofilms. In this study, fluorescence-based techniques were used to determine the penetration and adhesion of CPC when it was introduced in liposomes. In spite of a reduced adhesion as compared to pure CPC micelles, CPC-containing liposomes adhered significantly to the biofilms of Streptococcus mutans. In contrast, no binding was observed for liposomes that were composed of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol. The influence of the charge of the liposome on its adhesion to biofilms was studied using cholesterol (Chol) and cholesterol sulfate (Schol). In spite of similar binding to the biofilms, positively charged CPC/Chol liposomes were located mainly in the core of the biofilm microcolonies, whereas the negatively charged CPC/Schol liposomes were mainly concentrated at their periphery. This effect may be attributed to the different availability of the CPC head group. In summary, this work demonstrates the high potential for tailoring drug nanovectors by modulating sterol selection in order to selectively target and bind biofilms.
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