Journal
LANCET
Volume 356, Issue 9242, Pages 1667-1671Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03167-6
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Polymorphisms in the genes that code for drug-metabolising enzymes, drug transporters, drug receptors, and ion channels can affect an individual's risk of having an adverse drug reaction, or can alter the efficacy of drug treatment in that individual. Mutant alleles at a single gene locus are the best studied individual risk factors for adverse drug reactions, and include many genes coding for drug-metabolising enzymes. These genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolism produce the phenotypes of poor metabolisers or ultrarapid metabolisers of numerous drugs. Together, such phenotypes make up a substantial proportion of the population. Pharmacogenomic techniques allow efficient analysis of these risk factors, and genotyping tests have the potential to optimise drug therapy in the future.
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