Tensile strength of single-walled carbon nanotubes directly measured from their macroscopic ropes

20 mm long ropes consisting of soundly aligned single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) ropes, synthesized by the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons, were employed for direct tensile strength measurements. The average tensile strength of SWNT rope composites is as high as 3.6 +/-0.4 GPa, similar to that of carbon fibers. The tensile strength of SWNT bundles was extrapolated from the strength of the composites to be 2.3 +/-0.2 to 14.2 +/-1.4 GPa after simply taking into account the volume fraction of SWNT bundles in the minicomposite, and the tensile strength of single SWNTs was estimated to be as high as 22.2 +/-2.2 GPa. The excellent mechanical properties of SWNTs will make them an ideal reinforcement agent for high performance composite materials. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003- 6951(00)00546-5].