Journal
BIOESSAYS
Volume 37, Issue 2, Pages 167-174Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400124
Keywords
benzoxazinoids; defenses against herbivores; defenses against pathogens; glucosinolates; phytohormones; secondary metabolites; volatiles
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Funding
- Max Planck Society
- Sinergia Grant of the Swiss National Science Foundation [136184]
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The defense of plants against herbivores and pathogens involves the participation of an enormous range of different metabolites, some of which act directly as defensive weapons against enemies (toxins or deterrents) and some of which act as components of the complex internal signaling network that insures that defense is timed to enemy attack. Recent work reveals a surprising trend: The same compounds may act as both weapons and signals of defense. For example, two groups of well-studied defensive weapons, glucosinolates and benzoxazinoids, trigger the accumulation of the protective polysaccharide callose as a barrier against aphids and pathogens. In the other direction, several hormones acting in defense signaling (and their precursors and products) exhibit activity as weapons against pathogens. Knowing which compounds are defensive weapons, which are defensive signals and which are both is vital for understanding the functioning of plant defense systems.
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