Journal
BIOESSAYS
Volume 36, Issue 1, Pages 34-38Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300135
Keywords
biotechnology; Cas9; CRISPR; genome editing; RNAi
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) from the Southeastern Regional Center of Excellence for Emerging Infections and Biodefense [U54-AI057157]
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund Investigator in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease award
- NSF
- ARCS Foundation
- [R56-AI87673]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [U54AI057157, R56AI087673] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH [P51OD011132] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The Cas9 endonuclease is the central component of the Type II CRISPR/Cas system, a prokaryotic adaptive restriction system against invading nucleic acids, such as those originating from bacteriophages and plasmids. Recently, this RNA-directed DNA endonuclease has been harnessed to target DNA sequences of interest. Here, we review the development of Cas9 as an important tool to not only edit the genomes of a number of different prokaryotic and eukaryotic species, but also as an efficient system for site-specific transcriptional repression or activation. Additionally, a specific Cas9 protein has been observed to target an RNA substrate, suggesting that Cas9 may have the ability to be programmed to target RNA as well. Cas proteins from other CRISPR/Cas subtypes may also be exploited in this regard. Thus, CRISPR/Cas systems represent an effective and versatile biotechnological tool, which will have significant impact on future advancements in genome engineering.
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