Journal
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
Volume 28, Issue 23, Pages 4755-4761Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.23.4755
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Funding
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM045668, R01 GM45668] Funding Source: Medline
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The human short interspersed repeated element (SINE), Alu, amplifies through a poorly understood RNA-mediated mechanism, termed retroposition, There are over one million copies of Alu per haploid human genome. The copies show some internal variations in sequence and are very heterogeneous in chromosomal environment. However, very few Alu elements actively amplify, The amplification rate has decreased greatly in the last 40 million years;, Factors influencing Alu transcription would directly affect an element's retroposition capability. Therefore, we evaluated several features that might influence expression from individual Alu elements. The influence of various internal sequence variations and 3' unique flanks on full-length Alu RNA steady-state levels was determined. Alu subfamily diagnostic mutations do not significantly alter the amount of Alu RNA observed. However, sequences containing random mutations throughout the right half of selected genomic Alu elements altered Alu RNA steady-state levels in cultured cells. In addition, sequence variations at the 3' unique end of the transcript also significantly altered the Alu RNA levels. In general, sequence mutations and 3' end sequences contribute to Alu RNA levels, suggesting that the master Alu element(s) have a multitude of individual differences that collectively gives them a selective advantage over other Alu elements.
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